Dec
24
PROSTATE CANCER
Filed Under Men's Health
Introduction:-
Prostate could be a glandular organ present solely in males. It surrounds the neck of bladder & the primary part of urethra and condributes a secretion to the semen. The gland is conical in form and measures 3 cm in vertical diameter and 4 cm in transverse diameter.It’s got five lobes anterior,posterior,two lateral and a median lobe.Since the primary half of the urethra taste it any lesion within the prostate will produce difficulty in passing urine.
Diseases of the prostate gland:-
1) Prostatitis:-
This is the inflamation of the prostate gland because of bacterial infection.
2) Benign enlargement of the prostate:-
This is often a non cancerous tumour of the prostate seen after the age of 50.
3) Cancer of the prostate:-This is the 4th most typical reason for death from malignant diseases in males.
Cancer of the prostate.
Cancer of the prostate is directly linked with the male sex hormones(androgens).If the levels of sex hormone increases the expansion rate of cancer additionally increases.It’s found that when the removel of testes there is marked reduction in the size of tumour.
Web site of tumour:-
Prostate cancer is seen mainly within the posterior lobe.Non cancerous enlargement is seen in alternative lobes.
Changes in the gland in cancer:-
The gland becomes exhausting with irregular surface with loss of normal lobulation .Histologically prostate cancer is an adeno carcinoma(cancer of the epithelial cells within the gland)
Growth :-
Growth rate is terribly fast in prostate cancer .The tumour compresses the urethra and produce issue in urination.
Spread of tumour:-
Metastasis in cancer of prostate is terribly early.
1) Native spread:-
From the posterior lobe the cancer cells visit the lateral lobes and seminal vesicles.Tumour cells also move to the neck and base of the urinary bladder.
2) Lymphatic spread:-
Through the lymph vessels cancer cells reach the internal and external illiac group of lymph nodes.From there cells move to retroperitonial(Behind the peritonium) and mediastinal lymph nodes(in the chest)
three) Unfold through the blood:-
Spread of cancer cells takeplace through the periprostatic venous plexus and reaches the vertebral veins whereas coughing and sneezing and eventually enders the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.
Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer:–
Signs and symptoms depend upon the stage of the cancer. The following symptoms might be seen.
1) No symptoms:-
Tumour is little and solely within the posterior lobe. This can be diagnosed accidentely.
2) Slight problem in urination:-
Here the tumour is enlarged and urethra is slightly compressed.Shortly there can be frequent urge for urination with tough urination.
3) When the tumour unfold to all nearby areas together with neck of bladder and urethra there will be painful urination with bleeding.Urine comes drop by drop.
4) Retention of urine:-
When the urethra is completely compressed there can be retention of urine.This may cause hydronephrosis, renal failure ect.During this condition patient could get convulsions due to renal failure and at last coma.
5) Signs of metastasis:-
Some patients come back with the signs and symptoms of metastasis.
a) Lumbo sacral pain because of spread of cancer cells to lumbar and sacral vertebrae.
b) Fracture of spine because of cancerous growth in the spine.
c) Swelling, pain and fluid collection in the abdomen thanks to lesion within the abdomen.
d) Respiratory complaints thanks to cancer of mediastinal lymphnodes and lungs.
e) General weakness thanks to unfold of cancer to different components of the body.
f) Anaemia thanks to involment of bone marrow and increased destruction of RBCs.
Clinical examination :-
Includes per rectal examination to feel the prostate gland,palpation of abdomen to feel the swelling in kidneys and any tumours.Patient is examined from head to foot to seek out out any lesions.
Investigations:-
1) Complete blood investigations;-
RBC,WBC,Platlets,ESR,bleeding time ,clotting time ect.
2) Urine analysis:-
Microscopic examination to detect pus cells,occult blood,casts,Crystals ect.
3) Renal perform tests:-
Blood urea level,serum creatinine level,electrolyte level ect.
4) Serum acid phosphatase:-
Increased in cancer of prostate.
5) x-ray of the spine:-
To detect any tumour or fracture.
6) Ultra sonography;-
Provides plan concerning prostate,bladder,kidney ect.
7) C T scan:-
A lot of detailed info concerning organs and tumour.
MRI of the spine:-
Offers detailed information regarding spine ,disc and nearby soft tissues.
9) Lymphangiography:-
Provides plan regarding lymphatic unfold of cancer.
10) Biopsy to confirm cancer:-
Biopsy is taken from the tumour and is send for histopathological examination below the microscope.This can detect the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment:-
1) If there’s retention of urine catheterisation is needed.
2) Dialysis if kidney failure.
3) If there is coma monitoring of all important functions together with parentral nutrition and electolyte supply.
4) Specific treatment is prostatectomy(removal of prostate)
Partial prostatectomy :-
Here only the affected lobe is removed.
Radical prostatectomy :-
Total removal of prostate along with nearby lymphnodes.
5, Hormone therapy :-
Stilbestrol is given to scale back tumour growth.Since this treatement increases the possibility for cardiovascular disease phosphorylated diethyle stilbesterol is used nowadays.
6) Chemotherapy:-Medication like cyclophosphamide, cisoplatim ect are given.
7) Radiotherapy is additionally done for a few cases.
Homoeopathy:-
Homoeopathic medication like carcinocin, conium, sabal, crotalus, thuja, iodum, selinium, staphysagria, sulphur ect will be given consistent with symptoms.Constitutional homoeopathic medication will give great relief and will increase the life span.
9) Yoga and meditation is also healpful.
